1.2. Framing

Goals of learning from this lesson

• What is framing?
• How are the media supposed to be manipulating viewers?
• How do you analyse one or several texts?
• Why is globalization of the media sometimes characterised as "cultural imperialism"?
• When is a situation a changed into "middle range behaviour"? 

The lecture

Third lecture in a BA Course on Media & Politics at at Lillehammer University College can be viewed below as a Prezi-presentation.

Literature:

• Hodkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture and society. Chap. 4 & 6. 44p.
• Hoskins, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2010). War and media. Chap. 2. 17p.
• Meyrowitz, J. (1985), Media, Situations and Behaviour. 16p. *

Watch relevant videos

Joshua Meyrowitz on media and framing

Nick Davies  - bestselling author of Flat Earth News

Malcolm Gladwell: An 'Unreal' Image Changed Civil Rights Forever

Watch more on the YouTube playlist

Useful links:

• Breaking the Silence : Israeli soldiers talk about the occupied territories. 
• Burke-White, W. (2014, August 8). The Framing of MH-17. 
• CCN Media. (2010, July 21). Signifier and Signified.
• D’Addario, D. (2013, May 14). “24? returns: Is Dick Cheney programming Fox?
• Wittkower, D. E. (2014). Facebook and dramauthentic identity: A post-Goffmanian theory of identity performance on SNS. First Monday, 19(4). 
• Wolcott, J. (2013, August 1). Washington Noir. Vanity Fair, (August). 
• The Daily Show does political satire at an advanced level
• Jester, Fake Journalist, or the New Walter Lippmann? Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt attempts an academic analysis of Jon Stewart's suksess. 
• Billings, S. (2012, November 3). “LillyHammer” TV Show Reveals the Corrupt, Alcoholic Culture of Socialist Norway.

1.1. Power

Goals of learning from this lesson: 

• What is power - and MEDIA power?
• How is "framing" related to power?
• How do oligopoly fit as a description of the global media industry?
• Why is it still necessary to differentiate between different national media systems and types of news production in a global age?
• Is "cyber power" different from other types of power?

The lecture

Second lecture in a BA Course on Media & Politics at at Lillehammer University College can be viewed below as a Prezi-presentation.

Literature:

• Curran, J. et al. (2012). Misunderstanding the Internet. Chap. 1. 23p.
• Nye Jr, J. S. (2010). Cyber Power. 18p.*
• Oates, S. (2008). Introduction to media and politics. Chap. 2. 26p.
• Hodkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture and society. Chap. 3. 19p.

Total: 86p

Watch relevant videosJoseph Nye on "The Future of Power"

Philip Seib and the Power of Soft Power

Watch more on the YouTube playlist



Useful links

• Monocle. (2013). Soft Power Survey - 2012. Monocle.
• Foreign Policy. (2013). The FP Power Map. Foreign Policy, (May/June).
• Lloyd, J., & Giugliano, F. (2013, April 8). Intimate fusion: media and political power in Silvio Berlusconi’s Italy. openDemocracy.
• Barnett, A. (2012, May 28). Some people, Mr Cameron - the Murdochs and a Satanic deal. openDemocracy.
• Hanson, F. (2011, March 31). Harnessing the Power of Social Media in International Relations. ISN Insights.
• Griziotti, G. (2011, September 30). Murdoch and Berlusconi: the fall of two media empires and the network multitudes. openDemocracy.
• Entman, R. M. (2003). Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame After 9/11. Political Communication, 20(4), 415–432.
• Nye Jr, J. S. (2011, February 2). The Reality of Virtual Power. Project Syndicate.
• Sheoin, T. M. (2013). Framing the movement, framing the protest: mass media coverage of the anti-globalisation movement. Interface, 5(1), 272–365.
• Richani, S. E. (2012). Comparing Media Systems in the “West” and beyond. Global Media Journal (German Edition).
• Carr, J. (2012). No Laughing Matter: The Power of Cyberspace to Subvert Conventional Media Gatekeepers. International Journal of Communication, 6. Retrieved from
• Deibert, R., Palfrey, J. G., Rohozinski, R., & Zittrain, J. (2010). Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace. MIT Press.
• Internet World Stats

Introduction to Media & Politics

Goals of learning from this lesson

• What is communication?
• How are media as technology affecting the development of society and politics?
• How do you differentiate between mediation and mediatization?
• Why does recent warfare tend to take the form of "diffused wars"?
• Which research design should I choose for media studies? 

The lecture

First lecture in a BA Course on Media & Politics at at Lillehammer University College can be viewed below as a Prezi-presentation.

Literature:

• Hodkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture and society. Chap. 1-2. 32p.
• Hoskins, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2010). War and media. Chap. 1. 18p.
• Strömbäck, J. (2008). Four Phases of Mediatization.18p. *
• Oates, S. (2008). Introduction to media and politics. Chap. 1 & 10. 32p.

Relevant videos

Watch more on the YouTube playlist

 
Useful links
Some vital data and information on global media

• Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org/
• Pew Research Center: http://www.pewresearch.org/ and its internet division http://www.pewinternet.org/
• Internet World Stats: http://www.internetworldstats.com/
• Statistisk sentralbyrå. Norsk mediebarometer. Statistisk sentralbyrå. http://ssb.no/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/medie/aar/2013-04-16
• Guardian. (2007, October 3). Internet news, comment and analysis.  http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/internet
• Guardian. (2007, October 25). Media news, UK and world media comment and analysis. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media

Internet history

• Berners-Lee, T. (1989). The original proposal of the WWW. w3.org.  http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
  
• Wired. (2005, August 13). 10 Years That Changed the World. Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/intro.html
  
• Stille, A. (2000, October 14). Marshall McLuhan Is Back From the Dustbin of History; With the Internet, His Ideas Again Seem Ahead of Their Time. New York Times.  http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/14/arts/marshall-mcluhan-back-dustbin-history-with-internet-his-ideas-again-seem-ahead.html
  

Articles for Media & Politics course

This is a list of articles/book chapters for the Fall 2014 course in Media & Politics, supplementing the books. Most are available online, although some full texts are only available on campus.

• Arnold, G. B. (2008). Belief and Disbelief
• Aupers, S. (2012). “Trust No One”: Modernization, Paranoia and Conspiracy Culture.
• Chan, J. M. (2005). Global media and the dialectics of the global.
• Chouliaraki, L. (2008). The Mediation of Suffering and the Vision of a Cosmopolitan Public.
• Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). Political Communication Old and New Media Relationships.
• Meyrowitz, J. (1985). Media Situations and Behaviour.
• Meyrowitz, J. (2005). The rise of glocality: New senses of place and identity in the global village.
• Nye Jr, J. S. (2010). Cyber Power.
• Seib, P. M., & Janbek, D. M. (2011). Communicating Terror
• Shirky, Clay (2011). The Political Power of Social Media.
• Strömbäck, J. (2008). Four Phases of Mediatization: An Analysis of the Mediatization of Politics.
• Sunstein, C. R., & Vermeule, A. (2009). Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures.

Books for course in Media & Politics

For the Fall 2014 course in Media and Politics you should read the four books below, as well as the articles in this list.

• Curran, J., Fenton, N., & Freedman, D. (2012). Misunderstanding the Internet. London: Taylor and Francis. Chap. 1-2, 4-6. 131 pages.
• Hodkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture and society: an introduction. Los Angeles: SAGE. Chap. 1-, 9-11. 200 pages.
• Hoskins, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2010). War and media: the emergence of diffused war. Cambridge: Polity Press. Chap. 1-9. 184 pages.
• Oates, S. (2008). Introduction to media and politics. Los Angeles: Sage. Chap. 1-10. 175 pages

You can read more about these books below. The descriptions are excerpts from the publishers' descriptions:

	Misunderstanding the Internet is a short introduction, encompassing the history, sociology, politics and economics of the internet and its impact on society. The book has a simple three part structure: Part 1 looks at the history of the internet, and offers an overview of the internet’s place in society Part 2 focuses on the control and economics of the internet Part 3 examines the internet’s political and cultural influence Misunderstanding the Internet is a polemical, sociologically and historically informed textbook that aims to challenge both popular myths and existing academic.
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	The text is organized into three distinctive parts, which fall neatly into research and teaching requirements: Elements of the Media (which covers media technologies, the organization of the media industry, media content and media users); Media, Power and Control (which addresses questions of the media and manipulation, the construction of news, public service broadcasting, censorship, commercialization); and Media, Identity and Culture (which covers issues of the media and ethnicity, gender, subcultures, audiences and fans).
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	The trinity of government, military and publics has been drawn together into immediate and unpredictable relationships in a "new media ecology" that has ushered in new asymmetries in the waging of war and terror. War is diffused through a complex mesh of our everyday media. Paradoxically, this both facilitates and contains the presence and power of enemies near and far. The conventions of so-called traditional warfare have been splintered by the availability and connectivity of the principal locus of war today: the electronic and digital media. Hoskins and O'Loughlin identify and illuminate the conditions of what they term "diffused war" and the new challenges it raises for the actors who wage and counter warfare, for their agents and mechanisms of the new media and for mass publics.
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	This book compares media institutions and political experiences in countries around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia, to enable students to think critically about the central questions in the study of media and politics, including: Are the media a force for democracy or a tool of repression? What specific influences shape news production in different societies? What happens to media freedom in war and why? How can we explain the relationship between the media, terrorists, and citizens in the post-9/11 world? Can the internet bring about political change?
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